Organizational and System Change
TITLE: Creating individual supports for people with developmental disabilities: A mandate for change at many levels
AUTHOR: Bradley, V. J., Ashbaugh, J. W., & Blaney, B. C. (Eds.)
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1994
Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
P.O. Box 10624
Baltimore, MD 21285-0624
1-800-638-3775
This book addresses the need for change at all levels of the service system in the effort to develop integrated services. The beginning chapters discuss the conceptual changes which are driving the shift to individualized services. Other sections of the book address change at the system and organizational levels. Several chapters describe mechanisms for change such as legislation, self-advocacy, and planning.
TITLE: Parent power: Change through grassroots networking
AUTHOR: Farber, A., & Marcel, K.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1994
In V. J. Bradley, J. W. Ashbaugh, & B. C. Blaney (Eds.), Creating individual
supports for people with developmental disabilities: A mandate
for change at many levels (pp. 373-385). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
This book chapter describes an effort driven by parents in Louisiana to change the state's service system. In the late 1980s, many parents in this state were frustrated with the lack of alternatives to institutionalization that existed for their children with severe disabilities. Beginning in 1988, parents joined other advocacy groups and policymakers to develop a vision of family support and supported living, design and push through supportive legislation, secure funding, and develop services. This chapter describes those efforts as well as the lessons learned from parent involvement in changing the service system.
TITLE: Creating support based on the person versus the system: The story of an organizational change
AUTHOR: Fratangelo, P., with an Introduction by Taylor, S., & Hulgin, K.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1994
TASH Newsletter, 20(3), 16-21.
This article is written by the Director of Onondaga Community Living (OCL), a small agency in Syracuse, New York. She describes the beginning stages of this agency's effort to implement person-centered services. The article includes OCL's mission statement and a discussion of the process of creating a common vision and the challenges of implementing it.
A separate introduction to this article describes the important role OCL plays in promoting the development of individualized services within the service system. It identifies the characteristics of the agency that contribute to its capacity to develop this approach and therefore create change from the bottom up.
TITLE: Jay Nolan Community Services: The challenges and dilemmas of quick conversion from group homes to supported living services
AUTHOR: Hulgin, K.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1996
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 South Crouse Avenue
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
1-800-894-0826
This report is based on a visit to Jay Nolan Community Services, located in Los Angeles, in November, 1995. The agency supports about 60 people, many of whom have autism and a history of challenging behavior. Approximately three years prior to this visit, the agency began a process of converting from group home services to supported living services. The report describes the circumstances that led to movement in this direction and the considerations and characteristics of the agency that influenced the decision to make this change quickly. It also includes examples of how the agency developed supported living services for two specific individuals with complicated needs.
TITLE: Job Path: Shifting the focus beyond work
AUTHOR: Hulgin, K., & Searl, J.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1995
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 South Crouse Avenue
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
1-800-894-0826
This report is based on a visit to Job Path, an agency located in New York City, in February, 1995. Though the agency has primarily provided employment services, it recently expanded its efforts to supports a small number of people with severe disabilities in their social and living situations.
The report describes the process the agency has gone through in developing these services. It also includes examples of how services have been provided to two specific individuals.
TITLE: IMPACT: Feature issue on supported living, Volume 8(4), Autumn 1995
AUTHOR: Institute on Community Integration (Ed.)
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1995
Institute on Community Integration
109 Pattee Hall, 150 Pillsbury Drive, SE
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
(612) 624-4512
In this issue of IMPACT, leaders in the development of supported living describe the challenges, issues, and accomplishments of this movement. Articles describe projects and efforts at the national, state, agency, and individual level. Also included are resources related to these efforts.
TITLE: The journey to inclusion: A resource guide for state policymakers
AUTHOR: Jaskulski, T., Lakin, C., & Zierman, S.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1995
President's Committee on Mental Retardation
200 Independence Avenue, S. W.
Hubert H. Humphrey Bldg., Room 352-G
Washington, DC 20201-0001
(202) 619-3636
This guidebook was developed as a resource for the National Collaborative Academy sponsored by the President's Committee on Mental Retardation. It describes the enormous changes taking place in the lives of people with mental retardation in all aspects of community living. It relies heavily on descriptions of state initiatives and exemplary programs, along with stories about and by people with mental retardation.
TITLE: Direct dollars: A study of individualized funding in Canada
AUTHOR: L'Institut Roeher Institute
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1993
The G. Allan Roeher Institute
Kinsmen Building, York University
4700 Keele Street
North York, ON M3J 1P3
CANADA
(416) 661-9611
This book describes research that was part of a series of studies conducted by the Roeher Institute on the creation of a service system in Canada that is directed by the people receiving services as well as more equitable and cost-effective. This study focuses on individualized funding, or the practice of giving money directly to people with disabilities and their families. It describes the general concept of individualized funding and examines current funding arrangements and their relation to individualized funding. It explores specific models of individualized funding and analyzes the implications of individualized funding from the perspectives of consumers, service providers, social service agencies, and the social welfare field. This study also briefly explores the applicability of individualized funding to other types of services such as vocational services, housing, child care, transportation, and education.
TITLE: Supported living monograph, Volume II
AUTHOR: National Association of Private Residential Resources
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1992
NAPRR
4200 Evergreen Lane, Suite 315
Annandale, VA 22003
(703) 642-6614
This monograph was prepared for a conference on Supported Living sponsored by NAPRR in February, 1992. It includes a book chapter by Jay Klein on home ownership, an article by John O'Brien and Connie Lyle O'Brien about organizational issues related to supported living, and several other articles. The appendix includes lists of other resource materials. This monograph is priced as follows: Prepaid: $25; Billed orders: $30.
TITLE: Community Services Reporter
AUTHOR: National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disability Services, Inc.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: Monthly
NASDDDS
113 Oronoco Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
(703) 683-4202
This monthly publication includes articles about general issues in developing community services and innovative practices around the country. Each issues also contains resources such as publications, videos, and conferences.
TITLE: An affirmation of community: A revolution of vision and goals
AUTHOR: Nerney, T., & Crowley, R. F.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION:
Monadnock Developmental Services
Region V Area Agency
Keene, NH
In 1993, Monadnock Developmental Services, a non profit regional agency in New Hampshire, was awarded a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for the purpose of creating a local system of services that supports self-determination. This manuscript was developed as a plan or guide in that process. It provides an overview of the values and vision of the agency and six specific goals including: self-determined personal supports, integrated housing, elimination of the congregate model, inclusive education, equal access to employment, and universal physical accessibility. The second part of the manuscript describes how the system and funding mechanisms would have change to support a service plan that is developed by individuals and the people closest to them. The concepts of circles of support, service brokerage and individualized funding are emphasized.
TITLE: Deliberate-fire: An account of organizational transformation in Onondaga Community Living
AUTHOR: O'Brien, J.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1996
TASH Newsletter, 22(1), 27-29.
This article was generated from an external evaluation of Onondaga Community Living (OCL), a small agency in Syracuse, New York. The evaluation report, presented here in abbreviated form, explains the accomplishments and challenges of this agency's effort to develop individualized services. The effort began by developing individualized services for new people as they came into the agency and providing opportunities for members to learn about the approach. This article identifies the specific capacities that members developed in this process.
The greatest challenge OCL faced was the fact that the commitment to individualized services grew among members of the agency faster than it was able to provide them. This article describes the dilemmas related to the growing demands for individualized services from people living in the agency's group homes and ideas for developing new resources to address them.
TITLE: Remembering the soul of our work: Stories by the staff of Options in Community Living, Madison, Wisconsin
AUTHOR: O'Brien, J., & Lyle O'Brien, C. (Eds.)
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1992
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 South Crouse Avenue
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
1-800-894-0826
This is a collection of 150 stories written between 1987 and 1991 by staff from Options in Community Living of Madison, Wisconsin, an agency that pioneered the supported living movement. Their stories effectively communicate some of the qualities that make their work meaningful.
TITLE: More than just a new address: Images of organization for supported living agencies
AUTHOR: O'Brien, J., & Lyle O'Brien, C.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1991
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 South Crouse Avenue
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
1-800-894-0826
In this paper, O'Brien explains the need for new ways of thinking about organizations and of organizing to implement a supported living approach. He explains that supported living involves a new mindset in working with people, one which is not compatible with many existing service organizations. More responsive organizations will facilitate positive relationships with people receiving services and the opportunity for continuous learning from the effort to support them. The paper includes ideas for building new structures and uses of power within agencies. For example, it describes a new way of building effective teams and responsibilities of directors. The
paper concludes with a discussion of the need to view organizations as social units rather than the traditional machine image if these changes are to be implemented successfully.
TITLE: Framework for accomplishment
AUTHOR: O'Brien, J., & Lyle O'Brien, C.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1990
Responsive Systems Associates
58 Willowick Drive
Lithonia, GA 30038
(770) 987-9785
Framework for accomplishment is a manual for a workshop on organizational change. It is an agency-change model based on three premises about human service agencies providing long-term support to people with disabilities: 1) service providers should assist people to discover and move toward a more desirable future; 2) service providers should offer assistance in ways that protect and promote valued experiences now; and 3) service providers should offer assistance in ways that support and strengthen communities. This manual outlines a five-day workshop to assess and develop the capacity of agencies to implement person-centered services.
TITLE: Service brokerage: Individual empowerment and social service accountability
AUTHOR: Salisbury, B., Dickey, J., & Cameron, C.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1987
The G. Allan Roeher Institute
4700 Keele Street, Kinsmen Building
Downsview, ON M3J 1P3
CANADA
(416) 661-9611
Service brokerage, a concept that has been discussed for years, has been operationalized in British Columbia and is described in this small manual. In British Columbia, the concept was developed by parents of people with disabilities and is based on the belief that the standard ways of providing and funding services are inadequate. Service brokerage attempts to make systems more accountable to the people served by them and to put decision-making control in the hands of these people and their support networks.
This monograph provides an overview of the concept of service brokerage and clarifies some of the important aspects of implementing the approach. The concept of service brokerage is described here as one part of a three component system or "support nucleus" for individuals with disabilities and their families. The idea is that effective service brokerage must be complemented by individualized funding and a personal network which provides support to the individual in decision-making and enables monitoring of the services and supports that brokers being into place.
TITLE: Regenerating a community: The story of Residential, Inc.
AUTHOR: Shoultz, B.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1993
In J. A. Racino, P. Walker, S. O'Connor, & S. J. Taylor (Eds.), Housing, support,
and community: Choices and strategies for adults with disabilities
(pp. 281-298). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
This chapter is a case study of Residential, Inc., a small agency in rural Ohio that has reorganized its services from operating group homes to assisting people to live in homes of their own. The study describes some of the dilemmas they faced and strategies they developed in creating housing opportunities, including changing staff roles and developing better problem solving strategies. Their work eventually evolved into the effort to build a strong community and led them to develop the Perry County Housing Association which is also described in the chapter.
TITLE: Supported living: New directions in services to people with developmental disabilities
AUTHOR: Smith, G.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1991
National Association of State Directors
of Developmental Disabilities Services (NASDDDS)
113 Oronoco Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
(703) 683-4202
This volume provides a comprehensive summary of supported living nationwide. It includes an overview of supported living and chapters on various state supported living programs, approaches to financing supported living, and the lessons being learned as states implement supported living programs.
TITLE: Life in the community: Case studies of organizations supporting people with disabilities
AUTHOR: Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & Racino, J. A. (Eds.).
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1991
Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
P.O. Box 10624
Baltimore, MD 21285-0624
1-800-638-3775
Based on a 21-state, 5-year study, this book reports on organizations around the country that have been the most successful in supporting individuals with disabilities to live in the community. Comprehensive case studies are organized around three themes--families and their children; housing, homes, and support for adults with disabilities; and the role of community and society in integration.
This in-depth look at agencies shows the variety of ways in which organizations are working to develop integrated services. Though they are each unique, the last chapter of the book provides a summary of the characteristics that the most responsive agencies share such as: a guiding philosophy, openness to change, and committed and caring leadership.
TITLE: Coming home: From deinstitutionalization to supporting people in their own homes in Region VI, New Hampshire
AUTHOR: Walker, P.
PUBLICATION INFORMATION: 1993
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 South Crouse Avenue
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
1-800-894-0826
This report describes the efforts of the Area Agency for Developmental Services in Region VI, New Hampshire to shift from supporting people in group homes to supporting them in their own homes. It offers important lessons for agencies/regions facing the dual challenge of institutional closure and promoting quality of life in the community.
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