SELF-ADVOCACY RESOURCES
The self-advocacy movement is continuously growing and producing many materials on and by people with disabilities speaking for themselves. This is a listing of many of the self-advocacy resources currently available now as well as classic self-advocacy resources. Also included in this listing are items on choice and self-determination, which are related to the development of self-advocacy, in which the voices of self-advocates are included.
This listing is divided into the following categories:
What is Self-Advocacy?
SELF-ADVOCACY RESOURCE NETWORK (SARN) MEMOS: MODELS OF DISABILITY
Villains and Charity Cases: The Moral View of Disability, August 4, 2004. Available online at: http://www.selfadvocacy.com/sarn/sarn_2004August4.htm
Understanding the Medical/Professional View of Disability, August 18, 2004. Available online at: http://www.selfadvocacy.com/SARN/sarn_2004August18.htm
The Civil Rights View of Disability, September 15, 2004. Available online at: http://www.selfadvocacy.com/sarn/sarn_2004September15.htm
These issues of the SARN Memo provide a comprehensive description of the historical models of disability. These memos also provide activities self-advocates can use to learn more about the models and how they have affected people with disabilities.
Published by:
Advocating Change Together
1821 University Avenue, Suite 306-S
St. Paul, MN 55104
Telephone: 651-641-0297 or 800-641-0059
FAX: 651-641-4053
SELF ADVOCACY FOR SELF ADVOCATES: A LEADERSHIP GUIDE
by Jeff Saucier, Alan Kurtz, Debbie Gilmer and Members of Speaking Up for Us, Maine’s Self Advocacy Network, June 1996, Center for Community Inclusion, Maine’s UAP, University of Maine. Available on-line at:
http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/selfadvocacy/selfadvocacy.pdf or http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/selfadvocacy/selfadvocacytxt.htm
A guide made by self-advocates from Maine who have worked on self-advocacy leadership education. The guide was created to help teach self-advocates and others self-advocacy in a colorful accessible power point format.
Published by:
Center for Community Inclusion and Disability Studies
5717 Corbett Hall, Room 114
The University of Maine
Orono, ME 04469
207-581-1084
WE ARE PEOPLE FIRST
by J. P. Edwards.
Although this document was created early in the self-advocacy movement it is still useful. It is particularly helpful because it uses personal stories to show what kinds of struggles people were fighting for when they began self-advocacy.
Published by:
Ednick, Inc.
Box 3612
Portland, OR 97208
THE DISABILITY BLANKET
by Michael Kennedy. Reprinted from Mental Retardation, 32(1), 74-76.
This article represents how it feels to be under a one-size-and-fabric-fits-all blanket, and offers a vision for change.
To get a copy of this article, write to:
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 S Crouse Ave
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
http://thechp.syr.edu
VII. THE SELF-ADVOCACY MOVEMENT 1980s-PRESENT.
Part of the website Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities. Available online at: http://www.mncdd.org/parallels/seven/7menu.html.
This is an interactive presentation which describes the history of self-advocacy. This website has the capabilities to hear written descriptions through an audio player, as well as watch videos about the history of self-advocacy. The website also discusses key players in the self-advocacy movement and gives their brief bios.
Published by:
The Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities
370 Centennial Office Building, 658 Cedar Street
St. Paul, Minnesota 55155
Phone: 651-296-4018 Toll-free number: 877-348-0505
Fax: 651-297-7200
Email: admin.dd@state.mn.us
http://www.mncdd.org/
THE SELF-ADVOCACY MOVEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EVERYONE
by Bonnie Shoultz. Available online at: http://thechp.syr.edu/samoveta.htm.
Provides a brief history of the development of the self-advocacy movement. Other Center on Human Policy publications related to self-advocacy can be found at: http://thechp.syr.edu/selfadvo.htm.
To get a copy of this article, write to:
Center on Human Policy
Syracuse University
805 S Crouse Ave
Syracuse, NY 13244-2280
http://thechp.syr.edu
The “How tos” of Self-Advocacy: Groups
ALL ABOUT GROUPS: A PUBLICATION OF THE SELF-ADVOCACY ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK STATE, INC.
Available online at: http://www.sanys.org/AllAboutGroups22007web.pdf.
This is a document which uses text and pictures to identify how self-advocacy groups are run. This publication includes how to start a group, as well as how to run meetings and develop leaders.
Published by:
Self-Advocacy Association of New York State, Inc.
500 Balltown Road, Building 5
Schenectady, NY 12304
518-382-1454
http://www.sanys.org
SELF-ADVOCACY FOR PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: A TRAINERS MANUAL
by B. Browning & C. Rhoades
This document incorporates training information from the definition of self-advocacy running a group, and advisors. This document also provides copies of materials which can be turned into overheads and used at presentations or training sessions.
Published by:
Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation
Division of Special Education and Rehabilitation
University of Oregon
HOW TO START A SELF-ADVOCACY GROUP
by Anne Hutchins
This document provides some basic information about the history of self-advocacy in Massachusetts, and then describes how to form a group.
Published by:
Arc Massachusetts
217 South Street
Waltham, MA 02154
(617) 891-6270
SELF-ADVOCACY ORGANIZING: A SELF-ADVOCACY MANUAL FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
by C. Johnson, & R. Herold, 1984.
This is an extensive description of self-advocacy. The chapters include: How to begin self-advocacy, organizing to have fun and raise money, issues, membership and outreach, and appendices. The information in this booklet is very thorough.
Published by:
Project in Self-Advocacy
Massachusetts Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities
LEARNING ABOUT SELF-ADVOCACY: GETTING GOING, BOOKLET 2
This document provides information which self-advocates who are just starting may find useful. This includes setting up a group, finding an advisor, deciding where to meet, and information about membership.
LEARNING ABOUT SELF-ADVOCACY: RUNNING A GROUP, BOOKLET 3
This booklet provides information about the specifics of how to run meetings, keep track of money, and elect leaders.
LEARNING ABOUT SELF-ADVOCACY: WHAT NEXT? BOOKLET 4
This booklet can be used for groups who are already established, but want to build. It provides information on networking with other groups, communication, organizing events, and getting extra help.
Published by:
Values into Action (formerly CMH: Campaiging for Valued Futures with People Who have Learning Difficulties)
Oxford House
Derbyshire Street
London E2 6HG UNITED KINGDOM
PEOPLE FIRST CHAPTER HANDOUT: A RESOURCE GUIDE FOR SELF-ADVOCACY CHAPTERS
This is a very useful and easy to read document which provides many of the basics to self-advocacy groups. This document also has charts and other useful materials which self-advocates could copy and use.
Published by:
People First of Illinois
P.O. Box 2153
Loves Park, IL 61130
815-964-3128
PEOPLE FIRST OF WASHINGTON: NEW TRENDS IN SELF-ADVOCACY SUPPORT GROUPS
This document gives basic information about how and why people become involved in self-advocacy, and what practices successful self-advocates utilize.
Published by:
People First of Washington
P.O. Box 381
Tacoma, WA 98401
206-272-2811
http://www.peoplefirstofwashington.org/
SELF-ADVOCACY START-UP TOOL KIT
This is a useful and easy to follow toolkit about how to start and run a self-advocacy group. This toolkit provides a lot of basic information in accessible formats. The toolkit also includes resource guides to find further information. Developed by the national self-advocacy group, Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered (SABE).
Published by:
Human Policy Press
Syracuse University
P.O. Box 35127
Syracuse, NY 13235
http://thechp.syr.edu/HumanPolicyPress/
SELF-ADVOCACY RULES AND TIPS
This gives attention to five suggested rules for addressing grievances, poor quality or inadequate services, or discrimination.
Published by:
Office of Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities
State of Connecticut
SPEAKING UP AND SPEAKING OUT: AN INTERNATIONAL SELF-ADVOCACY MOVEMENT A REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SELF-ADVOCACY LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE 1984, TACOMA, WASHINGTON.
This is another early source which can be quite helpful for self-advocacy today. This document goes from describing what is self-advocacy and basic steps to forming groups, to discussing self-advocacy on national and international levels.
THE POWER OF LANGUAGE
Self-advocates, leaders of the campaign to promote use of plain language, designed this creative workshop to help people improve their writing. The handbook informs about principles of plain language. The facilitator’s guide shows how to run a workshop.
Published by:
Roeher Institute
Kinsmen Building
4700 Keele Street
North York, ON M3J 13P
CANADA
WORKING TOGETHER FOR CHANGE: A TOOLKIT FOR SELF-ADVOCATES
By J. Z. McLane, J. Agosta, & T. Moore, July 2003
The purpose of this toolkit is to help self-advocates and others make change around issues affecting many people by working together.
Published by:
Self-Advocacy Leadership Network (SALN)
Human Services Research Institute
7420 SW Bridgeport Rd., Suite #210
Portland, OR 97224
(503) 924-3783
(503) 924-3789 (fax)
http://www.hsri.org
SELF DETERMINATION AND YOU: A TOOLKIT FOR SELF-ADVOCATES
By J. J. Daignault & J. Agosta, February 2005
This toolkit is about self-determination—to help self-advocates speak up for themselves and to have control over their lives.
Published by:
Self-Advocacy Leadership Network (SALN)
Human Services Research Institute
7420 SW Bridgeport Rd., Suite #210
Portland, OR 97224
(503) 924-3783
(503) 924-3789 (fax)
http://www.hsri.org
Leadership Resources
LEADERSHIP PLUS
M. Hoffman, 1995
This includes three informational manuals. The participant manual describes ways to develop leadership, self-advocacy, and self-determination skills and knowledge. The Facilitator’s Manual helps facilitator’s learn to help people with disabilities through the participants manual. “I Make a Motion Too” is a guide that assists in understanding and including the roles of people with disabilities on public boards and committees.
Published by:
Tulsa Arc
16 E. 16th Street, Suite 405
Tulsa, Ok 74119
(918) 582-8272
NATIONAL PEOPLE FIRST PROJECT: PEOPLE FIRST LEADERSHIP TRAINING MANUAL.
This is a useful document for both leaders and advisors. This document also includes training materials for how self-advocates can interact with advisors, and how they can help maintain strong self-advocacy groups.
Published by:
Roeher Institute
Kinsmen Bdlg., 4700 Keele Street
Downsview ON M3J 1P3
CANADA
PEOPLE FIRST OF WASHINGTON: OFFICER HANDBOOK
This describes all the roles and responsibilities of officers in a traditional people first self-advocacy group. The book also has handwritten comic form drawings to describe how officers interact with groups and each other.
Published by:
People First of Washington
P.O. Box 648
Clarkston, Washington 99403
Phone: 1-800-758-1123
http://www.peoplefirstofwashington.org/
SELF ADVOCACY FOR SELF ADVOCATES: A LEADERSHIP GUIDE
by Jeff Saucier, Alan Kurtz, Debbie Gilmer and Members of Speaking Up for Us, Maine’s Self Advocacy Network, June 1996, Center for Community Inclusion, Maine’s UAP, University of Maine. Available on-line at:
http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/selfadvocacy/selfadvocacy.pdf or http://www.ccids.umaine.edu/resources/selfadvocacy/selfadvocacytxt.htm
This material is presented in an accessible power point format with the inclusion of both text and visuals. The chapters include: 1. What is Self Advocacy: Voices of Maine’s Self-Advocates, 2. What Maine’s Self Advocates Say They Want, 3. One Self-Advocate’s Story: Jeff and His Experience With Speaking Up For Himself, 4. How Self-Advocacy Can Help You Realize Your Dreams, 5. What Self Advocates Ask For From Families, Friends, And Supporters.
Published by:
Center for Community Inclusion and Disability Studies
5717 Corbett Hall, Room 114
The University of Maine
Orono, ME 04469
Phone: 207-581-1084
Resources on Inclusive Meetings
MAKING GROUPS
S. Globel & J. Flynn, 1994
A very useful tool for self-advocates, advisors, and board members. This includes separate materials for overheads which can be used for training.
Published by:
The Oregon Developmental Disabilities Council
540 24th Place NE
Salem, Or. 97301
(503) 945 9941
NASDDDS HANDBOOK ON INCLUSIVE MEETINGS AND PRESENTATIONS
Prepared by Charles Moseley
Available online at: http://www.nasddds.org/pdf/TheGuide.pdf
This document provides information for all agencies or other organizations where self-advocates are involved in the conversations. The document presents issues and challenges, guidelines for meetings, resources for conducting accessible meetings, and a checklist to be certain these needs are being met.
Published by:
National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services
113 Oronoco Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
(703) 683-4202
http://www.nasddds.org
PARTICIPANT-DRIVEN SUPPORTS: A TOOLKIT ON PLANNING AND GIVING A PRESENTATION
By J. Zolna, K. Melda & J. Agosta, October 2001
This toolkit was developed to provide information for self-advocates to plan and give presentations. It includes sample agendas, flyers and worksheets, and seeks to teach self-advocates ways to share information with their audience, how to be good presenters, and steps to planning a presentation.
Published by:
Self-Advocacy Leadership Network (SALN)
Human Services Research Institute
7420 SW Bridgeport Rd., Suite #210
Portland, OR 97224
(503) 924-3783
(503) 924-3789 (fax)
http://www.hsri.org
Advisor’s Resources
LARGE PEPPERONI PIZZA WITH AN ADVISOR ON THE SIDE: HOW TO HIRE, SUPERVISE, AND TRAIN AN ADVISOR, REVISED 2008
This is a book which helps self-advocates learn how to hire and interview advisors, where to look for advisors, and how to supervise and train advisors. Now includes a DVD featuring narration of each page, plus, the Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered Self-Advocacy Start-Up Toolkit Video Section: “ Teaching An Advisor."
Published by:
People First of New Hampshire
P.O. Box 183
Plymouth, New Hampshire
(603) 536-9797
http://www.peoplefirstofnh.org/PeopleFirstOfNHAdvisorBookRevised2008.htm
ADVISOR’S GUIDEBOOK FOR SELF-ADVOCACY
by J. Woodyard, 1980
This book provides extensive information about the roles of advisors, and what kinds of activities advisors can help group members participate in. This book also helps advisor’s learn where to go to help self-advocates research and find information about issues.
Published by:
Technical Assistance for Self-Advocacy Project
UAP-University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045
NATIONAL PEOPLE FIRST PROJECT: PEOPLE FIRST ADVICE FOR ADVISORS.
by Bill Worrel, 1988
This document provides a great deal of information for advisors. This would be a good resource for a new advisor because it provides information about advising from a variety of lenses and perspectives. It also familiarizes advisors with issues that self-advocates face on a daily basis.
Published by:
National People First Project
Roeher Institute
Kinsmen Building 4700 Keele Street
Downsview, ON M3J 1P3
CANADA
Audio Visual/Multi Media Resources
COUNT US IN: GROWING UP WITH DOWN SYNDROME.
by Jason Kingsley & Mitchell Levits, 1994
This is an audio CD of a book that tells us about the experiences of the authors growing up with Down syndrome in their own words. It makes powerful statements about the full potential of people with disabilities.
Published by:
Harcourt Bruce Trade Division
525 B Street, Suite 1900
San Diego CA 92101
SELF-ADVOCACY: FREEDOM, EQUALITY, AND JUSTICE FOR ALL
This is a video based curriculum promoting disability as an emerging civil rights movement for people with developmental and other disabilities. Includes: video, guide, exercise, action plans, overheads, and participant packages.
Published by:
Advocating Change Together
1821 University Avenue, Suite 306-S
St. Paul, MN 55104
Telephone: 651-641-0297 or 800-641-0059
FAX: 651-641-4053
http://www.selfadvocacy.org/
THE POWER OF OUR VOICES
This is a powerful informational video about the self-advocacy movement and self-advocacy groups. Developed by the Syracuse DSO and partly funded by the Center on Human Policy.
WE CAN DO IT: NATIONAL PEOPLE FIRST PROJECT OF CANADA
A 30-minute award-winning video tape on self-advocacy.
RESPECT [Music CD/Cassette]
by Karl Williams in association with Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered.
This is a powerful collection of 14 self-advocacy songs. The music is written and performed by singer/songwriter Karl Williams. Some songs include: “Stand Together," "Speaking for Ourselves,” and “Close the Doors." Sample lyrics and music can be heard on the website of Karl Williams, http://www.karlwilliams.com/respect.htm.
Distributed by:
Human Policy Press
Syracuse University
PO Box 35127
Syracuse, NY 13235
http://thechp.syr.edu/HumanPolicyPress/respect_cd.html
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Advocating Change Together (ACT): http://www.selfadvocacy.com/
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Advocates in Action-Rhode Island State Association: www.aina-ri.org
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Center on Human Policy: http://thechp.syr.edu/
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Central England People First: www.peoplefirst.org/uk/
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Disability World: http://www.disabilityworld.org/
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LD Pride.net: http://www.ldpride.net/
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Minnesota Governor’s Council on Developmental Disabilities: http://www.mncdd.org
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People First of New Hampshire: http://www.peoplefirstofnh.org/
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People First of Illinois: http://www.peoplefirstofillinois.org/
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People First of Washington: http://www.peoplefirstofwashington.org/index.htm
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The Ragged Edge: http://www.ragged-edge-mag.com/
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SABE: http://www.sabeusa.org/
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Self- Advocacy Association of New York State: http://www.sanys.org/
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Speaking For Ourselves: Pennsylvania State Self-Advocacy Association: http://www.libertynet.org/speaking/speak.html
Books on Self-Advocacy
Charlton, J. (1998). Nothing About Us Without Us. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Charlton created a study with the use of interviews conducted over a ten year period with disability rights activists throughout the third-world, Europe, and the United States. This book is first to provide a theoretical overview of disability oppression which shows similarities to and differences from racism, sexism, and colonialism. As an individual with a spinal disability, Charlton uses personal experience, cultural analysis, and political theory to create this illuminating book.
Dybwad, G., & Bersani, H. (Eds). (1996). New Voices: Self-Advocacy by People with Disabilities. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
This book includes many chapters written by self-advocates concerning the self-advocacy movement, and provides a historical perspective, as well as reflections on the current status and future course of the movement.
Goode, B. (1996). The Beliefs, Values, and Principles of Self-Advocacy. International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicaps. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
This book discusses the beliefs, values, and principles guiding the self-advocacy movement. It also discusses the role of support persons and provides examples of good practice. This book is written by self-advocates and uses first person stories to exemplify their points.
Goodley, D. (2000). Self-Advocacy in the Lives of People with Learning Disabilities. Buckingham: Open University Press.
This book provides important discussion on some of the current issues with self-advocacy, and other movements built upon social models. The book looks at the group and individual structures of self-advocacy, and discusses how these groups are adapted to current trends, and discusses ways in which self-advocacy survives over the years.
Roeher Institute. (1999). Portraits of Our Lives: Literacy Series (1-10). Toronto: The Roeher Institute.
Portraits of Our Lives is a collection of 10 books based on interviews with persons across Canada who live with a range of disabilities. In Portraits, the reader meets 10 people who, in moving out of their personal situations, illuminate the meaning of disability in society.
Sands, D., & Wehmeyer, M. (1996). Self-Determination Across the Lifespan: Independence and Choice for People with Disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
This book recognizes that self-determination is one of the building blocks of independence for people with disabilities and explores the theoretical, developmental, and practical aspects of decision making.
Shapiro, J. (1993). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement. New York: Three Rivers Press.
This book discusses the many elements of the disability rights movement. The book allows the reader to understand the intricacies of the development of the movement. A chapter in the book is also dedicated to the People First Movement.
Williams, P., & Shoultz, B. (1982). We Can Speak for Ourselves. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
A book of practical advice to help self-advocates, parents and professionals learn about the rights of people with developmental disabilities. This book was written for and by a group of self- advocates.
Academic Journal Articles, Book Chapters,
and Research Papers
Antaki, C., Finlay, W. Sheridan, E, Jingree, T & Walton, C. (2006). Producing decisions in service-user groups for people with an intellectual disability: Two contrasting facilitator styles. Mental Retardation, 44, 322-343.
This article looks at service-user groups who attempt to promote self-advocacy for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Through two case studies the authors identify two styles where the results of both show clients not taking full initiative in self-advocacy and subsequently becoming disempowered.
Cone, A. A. (2000) Self-advocacy group advisor activities and their impact/relation to self-advocacy group development. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 47, 137- 154.
This student attempted to identify self-advocacy group advisor activities, and examine how these activities link self-advocacy group development, and how these activities change over time. One of the important findings of this study indicated that advisors discussed how activities changed as the group changed. The study was comprised of telephone surveys of 118 randomly selected advisors.
Cooney, B. (2002) Exploring perspectives on transition of youth with disabilities: voices of young adults, parents, and professionals. Mental Retardation, 40, 425-435.
This article utilizes qualitative methods to examine transition experiences of 9 young adults with severe disabilities during high school, their parents, and professionals. This article found that parents and professionals worked for the betterment of young adults; however, the inability to recognize the diverse perspectives hindered the quality of the transition process.
Dowse, L. (2001) Contesting practices, challenging codes: Self-advocacy, disability and the social model. Disability & Society, 16, 123-141.
This article examines the relationship between self-advocacy and the disability movement in Great Britain under the context of the social movement theory. The social movement theory understands how disability movements have promoted a strong “disabled” identity, and “collective action frame”. The article then goes on to analyze how the voice of many of these individuals with learning disabilities has gone unheard in the movement and in self-advocacy.
Goodley, D., Armstrong, D., Sutherland, K. & Lauren, L. (2003) Self-advocacy, “learning difficulties,” and the social model of disability. Mental Retardation, 43, 149-160.
These papers used research on individuals labeled “learning disabled" and examined how their activity in self-advocacy groups reflected their understandings of self-advocacy accounted for in personal narratives. They concluded that there are a variety of theoretical, policy, and practical implications which surface in narrative through people who engage in the self-advocacy movement.
Mactavish, J., Mahon, M., & Lutfiyya, Z. (2000) “I can speak for myself”: Involving individuals with intellectual disabilities as research participants. Mental Retardation, 38, 216-227.
This project was conducted over two years using qualitative methods and was designed to improve understanding of social integration by including perspectives of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Individual interviews and focus groups were found to be among effective strategies in enabling participants with intellectual disabilities to provide perspectives.
McNally, S. (2003). A survey of self-advocacy groups for people with learning disabilities in an English region. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7, 231-250.
This article surveyed Self-Advocacy Groups for people with learning disability in England. The article provided findings about the origin, structure and functioning of groups from 53 surveys which were returned.
Pennell, R. (2001). Self-determination and self-advocacy: Shifting the power. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 11(4), 223-227.
This article discusses the history of the civil rights movement. It then discusses how self advocacy and self determination have development. The article then how different tactics have worked both nationally and in North Carolina to promote these movements.
Powers, L. , Dinerstein, R., & Holmes, S. (2005). Self-Advocacy, Self-Determination and Social Freedom and Opportunity. In K. C. Lakin & A. P. Turnbull (Eds)., National Goals & Research For People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (pp. 257-287). Washington, DC: The Arc of the U.S. and the American Association on Mental Retardation.
This book chapter discusses the evolving national promises of self-advocacy, social freedom and opportunity. The vision is to develop tools and models and clarify and debate the implications of these promises while making self determination and self advocacy a reality for citizens with DD/ID.
Test, D., Fowler, C., Wood, W., Brewer, D. (2005) A content and methodological review of self-advocacy. Exceptional Children, 72, 101-125.
This article uses a review of 25 self-advocacy studies. The findings indicated that individuals of varying ages and disabilities can learn self-advocacy skills and there is a need for implementing more self-advocacy interventions.
Test, D., Fowler, C., Wood, W., Brewer, D., Eddy, S. (2005). A conceptual framework of self-advocacy for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 26, 43-54.
This article reviews literature in order to develop a conceptual framework of self advocacy involving four components: knowledge of self, knowledge of rights, communication, and leadership. This is developed to serve as a guide for instructional planning, curricular design, and assessment of self advocacy.
Wappet, M. (2002) Self-determination and disability rights: Lessons from the women’s movement. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 13(2), 119-124.
This article looks at what methods were specifically effective in the women’s movement and then applies these methods to the self-determination/disability rights movement. The need for more involvement of individuals with disabilities is emphasized in four areas: academic/theoretical, leadership, political, and economic.
Wehmeyer, M., Bersani, H., & Gagne, R. (2000). Riding the third wave: Self-determination and self-advocacy in the 21st century. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15, 106-115.
This article examines three waves of the disability movement: professional, parent, and self-advocacy. The article looks at perspectives of all three groups and discusses perspectives concerning control and choice in the lives of individuals with disabilities as well as the development and future of the self-advocacy movement.
